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NAEST 2020 Centripetal or Centrifugal Chalk Placed on a Rota

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Question: 1: As the chalk is put on the rim of the wheel, it falls outside. This motion is analyzed from the lab frame. The chalk goes away from the centre of the disk due to

  1. centrifugal force on the chalk which is in outward direction
  2. the frictional force on the chalk by the rim of the wheel
  3. the frictional force on the chalk being insufficient to take it on the circular path along with the rim
  4. the initial outward velocity imparted by the person while releasing the chalk over the rim.
जैसे ही चॉक को पहिये की परिधि पर रखा जाता है, चॉक बाहर गिर जाता है। इस गति का विश्लेषण लैब फ्रेम से किया जाता है। चॉक पहिये के केंद्र से दूर जाता है
  1. चॉक पर लगने वाले अपकेंद्र बल के कारण जो केंद्र से बाहर की ओर लगता है।
  2. पहिये की परिधि की सतह के द्वारा चॉक पर लगाये जाने वाले धर्षण बल के कारण
  3. क्योंकि चॉक पर लगता धर्षण बल इसे पहिये के साथ-साथ वृत्ताकारपथ पर ले जाने के लिये पर्याप्त नहीं होता
  4. चॉक को पहिये पर गिराते वक्त व्यक्ति द्वारा चॉक को बाहर की ओर एक प्रारंभिक वेग देने के कारण
Question 2: As the chalk is put on the rim, it falls outside. This motion is analyzed from the frame of the rotating disk. The chalk goes away from the centre of the disk due to
  1. centrifugal force on the chalk which is in outward direction.
  2. the frictional force on the chalk by the rim of the disk
  3. frictional force by the chalk on the rim which has an outward component.
  4. The initial outward velocity imparted by the person while releasing the chalk over the rim.
जैसे ही चॉक को पहिये की परिधि पर रखा जाता है, चॉक बाहर गिर जाता है। इस गति का विश्लेषण पहिये के फ्रेम से किया जाता है। चॉक पहिये के केंद्र से दूर जाता है
  1. चॉक पर लगने वाले अपकेंद्र बल के कारण जो केंद्र से बाहर की ओर लगता है।
  2. पहिये की परिधि की सतह के द्वारा चॉक पर लगाये जाने वाले धर्षण बल के कारण
  3. क्योंकि चॉक पर लगता धर्षण बल इसे पहिये के साथ-साथ वृत्ताकारपथ पर ले जाने के लिये पर्याप्त नहीं होता
  4. चॉक को पहिये पर गिराते वक्त व्यक्ति द्वारा चॉक को बाहर की ओर एक प्रारंभिक वेग देने के कारण

Solution 1: Option (C) is correct.

The lab frame is an inertial frame. Pseudo force (like centrifugal force) shall not be added to physical forces for applying Newton's second law in an inertial frame.

Let us analyze the motion of the chalk in the lab frame when it is just placed on the disc. The initial velocity of the chalk is zero (it is just dropped). The chalk's contact point on the disc has a velocity in the tangential direction. To oppose relative motion between the two, the chalk applies a frictional force on the disc in a tangential direction opposite to the velocity of the contact point. In turn, the disc applies an equal and opposite frictional force on the chalk (the disc tries to take the chalk along with it). The chalk starts moving in the tangential direction.

The direction of relative velocity between the chalk and contact point on the disc varies as the chalk moves. Accordingly, the direction of frictional force also varies. If the frictional force is sufficiently large then relative velocity between the two will eventually become zero. Now onwards, the chalk moves in a circle, the frictional force on the chalk is towards the center of the circle, and the frictional force provides necessary centripetal acceleration to the chalk.

If the frictional force is not sufficient then the chalk will leave the surface of the disc.

Solution 2: Option (A) is correct.

The frame attached to the disc is non-inertial. We need to add a pseudo force (centrifugal force) to the physical forces in order to apply Newton's second law in a non-inertial frame. In this frame, the chalk goes away from the centre of the disk due to centrifugal force. In other words, the frictional force on the chalk is not sufficient to balance the centrifugal force.

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